Chromosome XVI History

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This page lists all sequence and annotation changes that have been made to the Chromosome XVI systematic reference sequence since its intial release on 1996-07-31.

  • The sequence of Chromosome XVI has been updated 23 times, affecting 16 features.
  • The annotation of Chromosome XVI has been updated 39 times, affecting 72 features.
  • Current and past versions can be obtained from SGD's Download site.


Sequence Changes

Date Affected Features Start Coordinate of Change End Coordinate of Change Type of Change Old Sequence New Sequence
2011-02-03 YPL224C 128039 128039 Substitution T G
126768 126768 Insertion C
Two nucleotide changes were made within the ORF MMT2/YPL224C, altering its coding sequence: one single nucleotide substitution near the 5' end, and one single nucleotide insertion near the 3' end. The start and majority of the reading frame remain the same, but the C-terminus has changed, and the annotated protein is now 35 amino acids longer.
New 126721 ACCTTTAGAGTCAGAGGTTACATCAACAAACTCGACGTCCACCTTCCCCACGTTTGGCAC  126780
           |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||
Old 126721 ACCTTTAGAGTCAGAGGTTACATCAACAAACTCGACGTCCACCTTCCC-ACGTTTGGCAC  126779

New 127981 CAGGCTTGATGTTCTTATGGCCCTCCCGGCAGCATGGTAACTAGTGTTGTTATAACCTGGCACAAAGGAA  128050
           ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||
Old 127980 CAGGCTTGATGTTCTTATGGCCCTCCCGGCAGCATGGTAACTAGTGTTGTTATAACCTGTCACAAAGGAA  128049

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YPR035W 642955 642955 Substitution G A
642995 642995 Substitution C T
Nucleotide change(s) in the coding region of GLN1/YPR035W resulted in an altered protein sequence. The start, stop, and reading frame remain the same, but protein residue 251 is now Threonine rather than Alanine, and residue 264 is now Methionine rather than Threonine.
New  642949 GGTTGTCACACTAACGTTTCCACCAAGGAAATGAGACAACCAGGTGGTATGAAATACATCGAACAAGCCA 643018
            ||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||
Old  642946 GGTTGTCACGCTAACGTTTCCACCAAGGAAATGAGACAACCAGGTGGTACGAAATACATCGAACAAGCCA 643015

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YPR097W 727933 727933 Substitution G A
A single nucleotide substitution within the coding region of YPR097W resulted in an altered protein sequence. The start, stop, and reading frame remain the same, but protein residue 848 is now Serine rather than Glycine.
New    727918  ATTTTGAGAAGTTCATGAGTGATTTGATCAGGCTTGTTGATGATGTTATCAATGGTCAGT  727977
               ||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    727916  ATTTTGAGAAGTTCATGGGTGATTTGATCAGGCTTGTTGATGATGTTATCAATGGTCAGT  727975

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YPR121W 778863 778863 Substitution T A
A single nucleotide substitution within the coding region of THI22/YPR121W resulted in an altered protein sequence. The start, stop, and reading frame remain the same, but protein residue 95 is now Glutamine rather than Histidine.
New    778858  CGGCGCTCAAAATATACCAAAGAAAATGGTATCTCAAATATTAGACGCCAATTTACAGGA  778917
               ||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    778854  CGGCGCTCATAATATACCAAAGAAAATGGTATCTCAAATATTAGACGCCAATTTACAGGA  778913

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YPL108W, YPL109C 347528 347528 Insertion G
347759 347759 Insertion C
Two separate single nucleotides were inserted in the intergenic region between ORFs YPL109C and YPL108W.
New    347521  GGTATTATTGCCCCTCATATATTCGGGGTTATTTATTTTTCGTTGCTTGAAGTAAAGCCT  347580
               ||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    347520  GGTATTATT-CCCCTCATATATTCGGGGTTATTTATTTTTCGTTGCTTGAAGTAAAGCCT  347578
New    347751  CCCTTTCGCGGCACTTTTTCTCTTAGCTCTGCTTGATACATCGACTGGGAACTTCTTCTCTTTGAGCCAA  347820
               ||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    347749  CCCTTTCGCGG-ACTTTTTCTCTTAGCTCTGCTTGATACATCGACTGGGAACTTCTTCTCTTTGAGCCAA  347817

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YPR121W, YPRWdelta16 778376 778376 Insertion C
778302 778302 Insertion G
Two single nucleotide insertions were made in the intergenic region between YPRWdelta16 and YPR121W/THI22.
 New    778258  TTAATGGAATAACGTGATTTTTGTACCAAATTGCCTATTTCAGATTCGGCGTGCGCTTCC  778317
               ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||
Old    778256  TTAATGGAATAACGTGATTTTTGTACCAAATTGCCTATTTCAGATTC-GCGTGCGCTTCC  778314
New    778368  TGCACGGAAGATCCTTGCAGGAATCAAATACTGCCTTTCACTTTGCAACCTCTTAATCACATAGTAGCAC  778437
               |||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    778365  TGCACGGAAGAT-CTTGCAGGAATCAAATACTGCCTTTCACTTTGCAACCTCTTAATCACATAGTAGCAC  778433

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YPR035W, YPR036W 643579 643579 Substitution T C
A single nucleotide substitution was made in the intergenic region between ORFs YPR035W/GLN1 and YPR036W/VMA13.
 New    643559  TCGAATTTTTTCTTTTTTTTTTTCTGCAAAGCGACGCTGTGTTGTATATTGCTCTAAAAT  643618
               ||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    643556  TCGAATTTTTTCTTTTTTTTTTTTTGCAAAGCGACGCTGTGTTGTATATTGCTCTAAAAT  643615

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YPL016W 523639 523639 Substitution C T
A single nucleotide substitution was made within the ORF SWI1/YPL016W. Note that the protein sequence was not changed.
New    523619  GATTCCTCCCTAACCAATTTCCTTTGAAAATTCACAGAACTCCTTATTTGACTTCTTTGA  523678
               ||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    523616  GATTCCTCCCTAACCAATTTCCTCTGAAAATTCACAGAACTCCTTATTTGACTTCTTTGA  523675

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YPL016W, YPL017C 520375 520375 Insertion C
520378 520378 Substitution C G
520646 520646 Insertion C
520818 520818 Deletion T
Four single nucleotide changes were made in the intergenic region between ORFs YPL016W/SWI1 and YPL017C/IRC15: two insertions, one substitution, and one deletion.
New    520320  AGATGCATGCCTGCAGGTCTGGGTGTACCCCCTGCCTGAGTGTTCCACCCAGGCCTCGCCGGAGGAAAAT  520389
               |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| || ||||||||
Old    520318  AGATGCATGCCTGCAGGTCTGGGTGTACCCCCTGCCTGAGTGTTCCACCCAGGCCTCG-CGCAGGAAAAT  520386
New    520620  CATATTCACATTGCGTTTTAGTCATAACCACCTTCCGGTATTCATCATTCGTATTGAATA  520679
               |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    520617  CATATTCACATTGCGTTTTAGTCATAACCA-CTTCCGGTATTCATCATTCGTATTGAATA  520675
New    520800  ATCTCTGCTTTGGCATTTCGCG-TTGTTTCCTCTCACGGATTGCAGATTATTGTTCACCA  520858
               |||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    520796  ATCTCTGCTTTGGCATTTCGCGTTTGTTTCCTCTCACGGATTGCAGATTATTGTTCACCA  520855

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YPL036W, YPL037C 482773 482773 Deletion T
A single nucleotide was deleted from the intergenic region between ORFs YPL037C/EGD1 and YPL036W/PMA2.
New    482761  AAACATACCCATAAC-TTTTTTTTTTTCATTTTTCGTTGCTGTGTGCTAGTACAATTTAA  482819
               ||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    482758  AAACATACCCATAACTTTTTTTTTTTTCATTTTTCGTTGCTGTGTGCTAGTACAATTTAA  482817

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YPR078C, YPR079W 698524 698524 Deletion A
A single nucleotide deletion was made in the intergenic region between ORFs YPR078C and YPR079W/MRL1.
New    698519  TTCTTCTG-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAATTCAAAAAAAGACACCTTTCTACCTTGGCAGTAA  698577
               |||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    698516  TTCTTCTGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAATTCAAAAAAAGACACCTTTCTACCTTGGCAGTAA  698575

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2004-07-21 YPL109C 347273 347273 Insertion T
347265 347265 Deletion T
347285 347285 Insertion A
347375 347375 Insertion T
The works of Kellis et al. 2003 and Cliften et al. 2003 predicted multiple insertions and deletions in YPL109C, and the sequence errors were confirmed in S288C by SGD. As a consequence of these changes, YPL109C was extended at the 5' end, altering the N-terminus and increasing the size of the predicted protein from 590 to 657 amino acids.
New:        TGTTTTGGAAACGAATTTT-GTGTCAAATAAAAAGCAATTGACGTAGGTATTATGAACTG
            ||||||||||||||||||| |||||||| |||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||
Old: 347246 TGTTTTGGAAACGAATTTTTGTGTCAAA-AAAAAGCAATTG-CGTAGGTATTATGAACTG 347303

Kellis M, et al. (2003) Sequencing and comparison of yeast species to identify genes and regulatory elements. Nature 423(6937):241-54.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text | Comments & Errata
Cliften P, et al. (2003) Finding functional features in Saccharomyces genomes by phylogenetic footprinting. Science 301(5629):71-6.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text | Web Supplement

2003-09-29 YPR089W, YPR090W 713683 713683 Deletion T
Due to deletion of a T at position 713683, YPR089W and YPR090W were merged. After merging YPR089W (713271 - 713738 (1-468)) and YPR090W (713728 - 715938 (1-2211)), the coordinates of the merged ORF, YPR089W, are 713271 - 715937 (1-2667). YPR090W is now an alias of YPR089W.

Kellis M, et al. (2003) Sequencing and comparison of yeast species to identify genes and regulatory elements. Nature 423(6937):241-54.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text | Comments & Errata
Cliften P, et al. (2003) Finding functional features in Saccharomyces genomes by phylogenetic footprinting. Science 301(5629):71-6.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text | Web Supplement



Annotation Changes without sequence changes

Date Affected Features
2014-11-19 ARS1605, ARS1607, ARS1621, ARS1622, ARS1625

The chromosomal coordinates of the following ARS elements on Chromosome XVI were updated based on Liachko et al. 2013 as part of SGD's genome annotation revision R64.2: ARS1605, ARS1607, ARS1621, ARS1622, ARS1625.

Liachko I, et al. (2013) High-resolution mapping, characterization, and optimization of autonomously replicating sequences in yeast. Genome Res 23(4):698-704.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2014-11-19 ARS1604, ARS1607, ARS1614, ARS1618, ARS1619, ARS1621, ARS1622, ARS1623, ARS1624, ARS1625, ARS1626, ARS1627, ARS1628, ARS1630, ARS1631

As part of SGD's genome annotation revision R64.2, new ARS consensus sequences were annotated within the following ARS elements on Chromosome XVI based on Liachko et al. 2013: ARS1604, ARS1607, ARS1614, ARS1618, ARS1619, ARS1621, ARS1622, ARS1623, ARS1624, ARS1625, ARS1626, ARS1627, ARS1628, ARS1630, ARS1631.

Liachko I, et al. (2013) High-resolution mapping, characterization, and optimization of autonomously replicating sequences in yeast. Genome Res 23(4):698-704.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text