Chromosome XII History

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This page lists all sequence and annotation changes that have been made to the Chromosome XII systematic reference sequence since its intial release on 1996-07-31.

  • The sequence of Chromosome XII has been updated 28 times, affecting 34 features.
  • The annotation of Chromosome XII has been updated 38 times, affecting 94 features.
  • Current and past versions can be obtained from SGD's Download site.


Sequence Changes

Date Affected Features Start Coordinate of Change End Coordinate of Change Type of Change Old Sequence New Sequence
2011-02-03 YLR407W 933639 933639 Insertion G
A single G nucleotide was inserted within the ORF YLR407W near its 3' end, altering its coding sequence. The start and vast majority of the reading frame remain the same, but the C-terminus has changed and the annotated protein is now one amino acid shorter. 
New    933597   AATGCAGGCTGGACGGAAACGAGAAAGTGGGCTAATGCTGCCAAGGGCATGCCATGACTG  933656
                |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||
Old    933596   AATGCAGGCTGGACGGAAACGAGAAAGTGGGCTAATGCTGCCAA-GGCATGCCATGACTG  933654

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLR402W 924691 924691 Insertion G
A single G nucleotide was inserted within the ORF YLR402W near its 5' end, necessitating a change in annotation to a downstream start codon. The sequence change makes the longer version of the protein no longer possible in the reference sequence. The stop and reading frame remain the same, but the annotated protein is now 108 amino acids shorter, less than half its original size. 
New:  924657   TTAAGTCTCTTCATCCCGTGTACTATTACCCGACAGGTTTCTGCGGCATGTTCTGTGGAA  924716
               ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old:  924657   TTAAGTCTCTTCATCCCGTGTACTATTACCCGACA-GTTTCTGCGGCATGTTCTGTGGAA  924715

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLL054C 32902 32902 Insertion A
A single nucleotide was inserted very near the 3' end of ORF YLL054C, altering its coding sequence. The start and most of the reading frame remain the same, but the C-terminus has changed and the annotated protein is now 74 amino acids longer. 
New    32881    AATTGTGGATTGTTTAATTTTGATGTGAACGAAAAGGACTTATCCCTTCCCATACCCCAT  32940
                |||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    32881    AATTGTGGATTGTTTAATTTTG-TGTGAACGAAAAGGACTTATCCCTTCCCATACCCCAT  32939

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLR313C 760764 760764 Insertion CC
A GG dinucleotide was inserted within the ORF SPH1/YLR313C near its 3' end, altering its coding sequence. The start and majority of the reading frame remain the same, but the C-terminus has changed and the annotated protein is now 131 amino acids shorter. 
New    760738   CTTGAACATCATTCAAAATGCCCTGCCTGCCATAGGAAGAACAACCATTGATTTACTCTC  760797
                |||||||||||||||||||||||||  |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    760740   CTTGAACATCATTCAAAATGCCCTG--TGCCATAGGAAGAACAACCATTGATTTACTCTC  760797

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLR314C 762846 762846 Substitution A T
Nucleotide change(s) in the coding region of CDC3/YLR314C resulted in an altered protein sequence. The start, stop, and reading frame remain the same, but protein residue 431 is now Glutamine rather than Leucine. 
New    762828   TGTAAAGTTTTTTCTTCTTGTTGTTTAGATATTGGATCGAACTCTTTGAAAACTGAATTATCTTGCTTAA  762897
                |||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    762828   TGTAAAGTTTTTTCTTCTAGTTGTTTAGATATTGGATCGAACTCTTTGAAAACTGAATTATCTTGCTTAA  762897

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLR318W 767026 767027 Substitution TC CT
Nucleotide change(s) in the coding region of EST2/YLR318W resulted in an altered protein sequence. The start, stop, and reading frame remain the same, but protein residue 162 is now Alanine rather than Valine. 
 New    766978   AAATCGTGGGTAACAGATGTAACGAACCTCATCTGCCGCCCAAATGGGCTCAACGATCATCCTCATCATC  767047
                ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||  ||||||||||||||||||||
Old    766978   AAATCGTGGGTAACAGATGTAACGAACCTCATCTGCCGCCCAAATGGGTCCAACGATCATCCTCATCATC  767047

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLR024C, YLR025W 193483 193483 Substitution A C
A single nucleotide substitution was made in the intergenic region between ORFs UBR2/YLR024C and SNF7/YLR025W. 
New    193439   ATTGAAAGTATGAATGCGTTGATTATTGGGTTTCTCCCCACAGCTGTACATTGACGATGC  193498
                ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||
Old    193440   ATTGAAAGTATGAATGCGTTGATTATTGGGTTTCTCCCCACAGATGTACATTGACGATGC  193499

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLR023C, YLR024C 187423 187423 Deletion A
187394 187394 Deletion A
Two separate single nucleotide deletions were made in the intergenic region between ORFs IZH3/YLR023C and UBR2/YLR024C. 
New    187381   ACCTTATCCATCAA-CACTTTCTCCATTTCCTGCAGGGTAAAA-AGAAAAGTGAAGTCAC  187438
                |||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||
Old    187380   ACCTTATCCATCAAACACTTTCTCCATTTCCTGCAGGGTAAAAAAGAAAAGTGAAGTCAC  187439

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLR412C-A, YLR412W 949230 949230 Insertion C
A single nucleotide insertion was made in the intergenic region bewteen ORFs BER1/YLR412W and YLR412C-A. 
New    949197   TCATTCACTACATAGTACTTTATAACTAAACTGTAACCTTTCAGGGCATCGTAACCTGAC  949256
                |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    949195   TCATTCACTACATAGTACTTTATAACTAAACTGTAA-CTTTCAGGGCATCGTAACCTGAC  949253

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLR346C, YLR347C 822958 822958 Insertion G
A single nucleotide insertion was made in the intergenic region between ORFs YLR346C and KAP95/YLR347C. 
New    822948   TCAGCAGGTGCGGCTGTGCCTTTTCACTTTCAGCTAAGATGTTTGCAAGCAAGAATTAACAGATAAGCCG  823017
                ||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    822948   TCAGCAGGTGC-GCTGTGCCTTTTCACTTTCAGCTAAGATGTTTGCAAGCAAGAATTAACAGATAAGCCG  823016

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLR451W, YLR452C 1038769 1038769 Deletion C
A single nucleotide deletion was made in the intergenic region between ORFs LEU3/YLR451W and SST2/YLR452C. 
New    1038716  TTTTAATGAATGAATTTGCGTTCAATCCCAAGGTTTAAAGTCCTTTTCTTTTTTTG-CGTAATGTTTACT  1038784
                |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||
Old    1038713  TTTTAATGAATGAATTTGCGTTCAATCCCAAGGTTTAAAGTCCTTTTCTTTTTTTGCCGTAATGTTTACT  1038782

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLR449W, YLR450W 1032533 1032533 Deletion G
A single nucleotide deletion was made in the intergenic region between ORFs FPR4/YLR449W and HMG2/YLR450W. 
New    1032527  GTTATAGTAA-GACACTTCAGTGAGAAATTAATCTGACTTACTTTTACTTAATTGTGTTCTTTCCAAATT  1032595
                |||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    1032523  GTTATAGTAAGGACACTTCAGTGAGAAATTAATCTGACTTACTTTTACTTAATTGTGTTCTTTCCAAATT  1032592

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLR447C, YLR448W 1028607 1028607 Insertion G
A single nucleotide insertion was made in the intergenic region between ORFs VMA6/YLR447C and RPL6B/YLR448W. 
New    1028577  TAACCTGGACTTGCCGTGCTAAGTCGGCCTTCTAGGCTGCGCTTCCGTTCAGCATCGTTT  1028636
                |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    1028574  TAACCTGGACTTGCCGTGCTAAGTCGGCCTTCTA-GCTGCGCTTCCGTTCAGCATCGTTT  1028632

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLR024C 192416 192416 Substitution C T
A single nucleotide substitution was made within ORF UBR2/YLR024C. Note that the protein sequence was not changed. 
New    192359   TCTTCTAAAGCCTTCGTTATTGAGATTGCATATTCAACCGGTGTATTCAAAATTCTTGTTATTGTAGATG  192428
                |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||
Old    192360   TCTTCTAAAGCCTTCGTTATTGAGATTGCATATTCAACCGGTGTATTCAAAATTCTCGTTATTGTAGATG  192429

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLR034C 210771 210771 Substitution A T
A single nucleotide substitution was made within ORF SMF3/YLR034C. Note that the protein sequence was not changed. 
New    210719   ATGAACAACCATCAACTTTCTATTTGCGGTAAAATAAATTAAAGGAGCGGATACGATTGGTAAAATTAAG  210788
                ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||
Old    210720   ATGAACAACCATCAACTTTCTATTTGCGGTAAAATAAATTAAAGGAGCGGAAACGATTGGTAAAATTAAG  210789

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLR162W-A, YLR163C 491154 491154 Deletion C
A single nucleotide deletion was made in the intergenic region between ORFs RRT15/YLR162W-A and MAS1/YLR163C. 
New    491099   TGAAGAGGTAGGTACATATTCATTGGCAGATATTCTACAATGCAATTATTATGA-CCAATCACACAGTAT  491167
                |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||
Old    491100   TGAAGAGGTAGGTACATATTCATTGGCAGATATTCTACAATGCAATTATTATGACCCAATCACACAGTAT  491169

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLR378C, YLR380W 878171 878171 Deletion G
A single nucleotide deletion was made in the intergenic region between ORFs SEC61/YLR378C and CSR1/YLR380W. 
New    878158   AAATCTTGGCACTT-GTCACTTACGCTCCTTTAAACAAAATCAAACATACAAATATACGG  878216
                |||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    878157   AAATCTTGGCACTTGGTCACTTACGCTCCTTTAAACAAAATCAAACATACAAATATACGG  878216

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLR277C, YLR278C 699963 699963 Substitution G A
A single nucleotide substitution was made in the intergenic region between ORFs YSH1/YLR277C and YLR278C. 
New    699948   AAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGAATGAGTTTGTACATACTATTATATTAATGTAGTATCACGTTAAAAAGCCGTAG  700017
                ||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old    699950   AAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGAATGAGTTTGTACATACTATTATATTAATGTAGTATCACGTTAAAAAGCCGTAG  700019

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2011-02-03 YLR309C 750224 750224 Substitution C T
A single nucleotide substitution was made within ORF IMH1/YLR309C. Note that the protein sequence was not changed. 
New    750178   TCACTAAATTGTTTAACTTGTTCCTCCAAGTAACTCACAGTTTTTTCCTTTTGTTTATAA  750237
                |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||
Old    750180   TCACTAAATTGTTTAACTTGTTCCTCCAAGTAACTCACAGTTTTCTCCTTTTGTTTATAA  750239

Engel SR, et al. (2014) The Reference Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and Now. G3 (Bethesda) Mar 20;4(3):389-98.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2006-01-09 YLR401C 922648 922648 Insertion G
Based on the automated comparison of related fungi, Kellis et al. and Brachat et al. suggest that the stop site for YLR401C be moved 176 nt downstream. SGD confirmed the insertion of a single G nt. and have updated the systematic sequence accordingly. As a consequence of this sequence change, DUS3/YLR401C was extended on the 3' end, altering the C-terminus and increasing the size of the predicted protein from 609 to 668 amino acids. 
New: 922634 ACAAATACCCATGGGGACATACCTATGAAAAA 922665
            ||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||
Old: 922634 ACAAATACCCATGGG-ACATACCTATGAAAAA 922664

Kellis M, et al. (2003) Sequencing and comparison of yeast species to identify genes and regulatory elements. Nature 423(6937):241-54.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text | Comments & Errata
Brachat S, et al. (2003) Reinvestigation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome annotation by comparison to the genome of a related fungus: Ashbya gossypii. Genome Biol 4(7):R45.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2004-02-05 YLR205C 553633 553633 Insertion C
553548 553548 Insertion G
Brachat et al. 2003 predicted and confirmed the insertion of two nucleotides in Chromosome XII - a G after the G at 553548, and a C after the C at 553633. As a consequence of these sequence changes, HMX1/YLR205C was extended at the 5' end, increasing the size of the protein from 273 amino acids to 317 amino acids. 
 New:        ACATAATAGTACGCCAGAATACCCTGTCTGTATATAAAGCCATGTCTCATGGCGATGGCC
              ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||
  Old: 553498 ACATAATAGTACGCCAGAATACCCTGTCTGTATATAAAGCCATGTCTCATG-CGATGGCC 553556
 
  New:        CTGTTTGCTAGCGCCCCCACGTCAGTGGGTGAGGGTATGATTGTATTGCTACTGTCCTCC
              ||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
  Old: 553617 CTGTTTGCTAGCGCCCC-ACGTCAGTGGGTGAGGGTATGATTGTATTGCTACTGTCCTCC 553675

Brachat S, et al. (2003) Reinvestigation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome annotation by comparison to the genome of a related fungus: Ashbya gossypii. Genome Biol 4(7):R45.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2004-02-04 YLR389C 899751 899751 Insertion T
Brachat et al. 2003 predicted and confirmed the insertion of a single T nucleotide in YLR389C. As a consequence of this sequence change, YLR389C was extended at the 3' end, increasing the size of the predicted protein from 988 amino acids to 1027 amino acids. 
Query:        GCTCTTTGTTTTCCACTTGAGATTTCAAATGTAGAATCAACTTCGATGCGTTCTCGCTCA
              ||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 
Sbjct: 899741 GCTCTTTGTTT-CCACTTGAGATTTCAAATGTAGAATCAACTTCGATGCGTTCTCGCTCA 899799

Brachat S, et al. (2003) Reinvestigation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome annotation by comparison to the genome of a related fungus: Ashbya gossypii. Genome Biol 4(7):R45.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2004-02-04 YLR312C-B, YLR313C 760763 760764 Deletion CC
Roemer et al confirmed the deletion of two C nucleotides in SPH1/YLR313C in an S288C strain background. As a consequence of this sequence change, SPH1/YLR313C was extended at the 3' and merged with an adjacent ORF, YLR312C-B, that was in the same frame. This change increased the size of the Sph1p from 530 amino acids to 661 amino acids. Roemer et al also confirmed other laboratory strain backgrounds, such as W303-derived strains, do have the additional two nucleotides and encode the shorter protein. 
New:        CTTGAACAATTTTGATTTAGAGGCTTGAACATCATTCAAAATGCCCTG--TGCCATAGGA
               ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||  ||||||||||
 Sbjct: 760715 CTTGAACAATTTTGATTTAGAGGCTTGAACATCATTCAAAATGCCCTGCCTGCCATAGGA 760774

Roemer T, et al. (1998) The Spa2-related protein, Sph1p, is important for polarized growth in yeast. J Cell Sci 111 ( Pt 4)():479-94.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2001-06-12 YLR312W-A 759511 759511 Insertion C
Inserted one C nucleotide after the C at chromosomal coordinate 759511. This insertion is in the intron of YLR312W-A and therefore does not affect YLR312W-A translation. 
Old: 759481 TGGAAAATAGCATGATGTTTATATCGCGTTC-TTGCGGAGACCCGTTACTGCTTTGAACT 759539
            ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New: 759481 TGGAAAATAGCATGATGTTTATATCGCGTTCCTTGCGGAGACCCGTTACTGCTTTGAACT 759540

Kitakawa M, et al. (1997) Identification and characterization of the genes for mitochondrial ribosomal proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eur J Biochem 245(2):449-56.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

1997-07-30 YLR028C 199680 199680 Insertion T
A single T nucleotide was inserted before the T at chromosomal coordinate 199680 within the ORF ADE16/YLR028C. At the same time this sequence change was made, the stop site for YLR028C was moved downstream 110 nucleotides. 
New: 199649 CTTTACACCAGACTGCACAGCTCTATAAACGTTGTCTGGGAAGGGAAAGAACGCATCGGA 199708
            |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Old: 199649 CTTTACACCAGACTGCACAGCTCTATAAACGT-GTCTGGGAAGGGAAAGAACGCATCGGA 199707
Note that this ORF is on the Crick strand, which is complementary to the sequence shown above.



Annotation Changes without sequence changes

Date Affected Features
2014-11-19 ARS1206, ARS1208, ARS1211, ARS1212, ARS1215, ARS1216, ARS1217, ARS1218, ARS1220, ARS1223, ARS1226, ARS1232, ARS1233, ARS1235, ARS1238

As part of SGD's genome annotation revision R64.2, new ARS consensus sequences were annotated within the following ARS elements on Chromosome XII based on Liachko et al. 2013: ARS1206, ARS1208, ARS1211, ARS1212, ARS1212.5, ARS1216, ARS1217, ARS1218, ARS1220, ARS1223, ARS1226, ARS1238, ARS1232, ARS1233, ARS1235.

Liachko I, et al. (2013) High-resolution mapping, characterization, and optimization of autonomously replicating sequences in yeast. Genome Res 23(4):698-704.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2014-11-19 ARS1212, ARS1213, ARS1215, ARS1218, ARS1220, ARS1226, ARS1234

The chromosomal coordinates of the following ARS elements on Chromosome XII were updated based on Liachko et al. 2013 as part of SGD's genome annotation revision R64.2: ARS1212, ARS1213, ARS1215, ARS1218, ARS1220, ARS1226, ARS1234.

Liachko I, et al. (2013) High-resolution mapping, characterization, and optimization of autonomously replicating sequences in yeast. Genome Res 23(4):698-704.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2014-11-19 ARS1210, ARS1212.5, ARS1235

The following new ARS elements on Chromosome XII were added to the genome annotation based on Liachko et al. 2013 as part of SGD's genome annotation revision R64.2: ARS1210, ARS1212.5, ARS1235.

Liachko I, et al. (2013) High-resolution mapping, characterization, and optimization of autonomously replicating sequences in yeast. Genome Res 23(4):698-704.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

2014-11-19 ARS1202, ARS1207, ARS1214, ARS1219, ARS1221, ARS1228, ARS1230

The following ARS elements on Chromosome 12 were added to the genome annotation based on Raveendranathan et al. 2006: ARS1202, ARS1207, ARS1214, ARS1219, ARS1221, ARS1228, and ARS1230.

Raveendranathan M, et al. (2006) Genome-wide replication profiles of S-phase checkpoint mutants reveal fragile sites in yeast. EMBO J 25(15):3627-39.
SGD paper | PubMed | Full-Text

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