View source for UW-Stout/Glycerol FA22

==Introduction==
In yeast cells, glucose is a preferred carbon source for fermentation in yeast cells. Fermentation produces ethanol and CO2 from glucose. Other carbon sources, like glycerol, are unfermentable which, in the absence of glucose, would use other forms of carbon fixation. In this experiment, we will be testing the results of glucose starvation with a replacement of glycerol as a carbon source in a number of knockout strains of yeast. 

==Materials/Equipment==
* 96-well assay plate
* Microplate reader
* Wild-type yeast cells
* 5 yeast knockout strains
* 3% glycerol media (procedure included later in this study)
* Sterile water 
* P200 and P1000 micropipette and tips

==Safety Note==
Always wear appropriate lab PPE when working in the laboratory. A lab coat, goggles, and gloves are necessary to not only protect you, but the science too! For additional protection, always work under a biochemical safety hood. 

==Protocol==
Make a 3% glycerol media solution using appropriate amounts of materials below:
* Yeast nitrogen base
* De-ionized water
* Ammonium sulfate
* Pure glycerol
* Complete supplement mixture
* 100x Histone Solution
* 100x Lysine Solution
* 100x Uracil Solution
Modify the liquid yeast media by replacing the original glucose solution with the glycerol media solution made in step 1. Repeat this for the wild type yeast as well as the 5 knockout strains.
Set up the yeast wells, working underneath the biochemical safety hood, including the controls of each knockout strain.
Set up the plate reader and run for 18 hours

==Wild Type Yeast Data==
For our pilot experiment, we had two different samples: wild type yeast grown in 1x glucose media and wild type yeast grown in the 3% glycerol media.
The OD600 reading of the yeast cells per time every 5 minutes is graphed on a scatterplot below. The growth peaks above 0.5. and a doubling time around 231 minutes was calculated.
[[File:Yeast_Growth_in_Glucose_Media_Exp._1.png|600px]]

This graph below represents the yeast growth in glycerol media, plotted with the OD600 reading versus time every 5 minutes. A doubling time of around 549 minutes was calculated.
[[File:Yeast_Growth_in_Glycerol_Media_Exp._1.png|600px]]


==Knockout Protocol==
Based on our plots, it is clear that the yeast in the glucose media grew at a much quicker rate. The glycerol media very obviously stunted the growth of the yeast, but not too much that the yeast died off. It doubled at about half the rate the glucose yeast did. This amount of stress seems like a reasonable amount to test on the knockout strains of yeast, so for the knockout protocol the same procedure will be used on 5 different knockout strains.