Commonly used strains

2021-10-20T00:00:52Z

Ps163: /* FY4 */

This page describes some of the most commonly used yeast lab strains. Much of the information is taken from [http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/biochemistry-biophysics/images/Getting-Started-With-Yeast.pdf F. Sherman (2002)] Getting started with yeast, Methods Enzymol. 350, 3-41. Other useful papers for strain background information include:

* [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000050744/overview Mortimer and Johnston] (1986) Genetics 113:35-43 - thoroughly describes the genealogy of strain S288C
* [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000079648/overview van Dijken et al.] (2000) Enzyme Microb Technol 26:706-714 - compares various characteristics of commonly used lab strains
* [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000080159/overview Winzeler et al.] (2003) Genetics 163:79-89 - uses SFP (single-feature polymorphisms) analysis to study genetic identity between common lab strains

=S288C=
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''α ''SUC2 gal2 mal2 mel flo1 flo8-1 hap1 ho bio1 bio6''

'''Notes:''' Strain used in the systematic sequencing project, the sequence stored in SGD. S288C does not form pseudohyphae. In addition, since it has a mutated copy of [http://www.yeastgenome.org/locus/S000004246/overview ''HAP1''], it is not a good strain for mitochondrial studies. It has an allelic variant of [http://www.yeastgenome.org/locus/MIP1/overview ''MIP1''] which increases petite frequency. S288C strains are ''gal''2- and they do not use galactose anaerobically.

The S288C genome was recently resequenced at the [http://www.sanger.ac.uk/research/projects/genomeinformatics/ Sanger Institute].

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000050744/overview Mortimer and Johnston] (1986) Genetics 113:35-43.

'''Sources:''' [http://www.atcc.org/Products/All/204508.aspx ATCC:204508]

==A364A==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a'' ade1 ade2 ura1 his7 lys2 tyr1 gal1 SUC mal cup BIO''

'''Notes:''' Used in the systematic sequencing project, the sequence stored in SGD.

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000079649/overview Hartwell] (1967) J. Bacteriol. 93:1662-1670.

'''Sources:''' [http://www.atcc.org/Products/All/208526.aspx ATCC:208526]

==AB972==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''α'' X2180-1B trp10 [rho 0]''

'''Notes:''' Isogenic to S288C; used in the systematic sequencing project, the sequence stored in SGD. AB972 is an ethidium bromide-induced rho- derivative of the strain X2180-1B-''trp1''.

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000057090/overview Olson MV et al.] (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:7826-7830.

'''Sources:''' [http://www.atcc.org/Products/All/204511.aspx ATCC:204511]

==BY4743==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a/α ''his3''Δ''1/his3''Δ''1 leu2''Δ''0/leu2''Δ''0 LYS2/lys2''Δ''0 met15''Δ''0/MET15 ura3''Δ''0/ura3''Δ''0''

'''Notes:''' Strain used in the [http://www-sequence.stanford.edu/group/yeast_deletion_project/project_desc.html systematic deletion project], generated from a cross between BY4741 and BY4742, which are derived from S288C. As in S288c, this strain as well as haploid derivatives BY4741, and BY4742 have allelic variants of [http://www.yeastgenome.org/locus/MIP1/overview ''MIP1''], [http://www.yeastgenome.org/locus/SAL1/overview ''SAL1''] and [http://www.yeastgenome.org/locus/CAT5/overview ''CAT5''] and these polymorphisms, described in the respective locus history notes for these genes ([http://www.yeastgenome.org/locus/S000005857/sequence#history ''MIP1''], [http://www.yeastgenome.org/locus/S000005027/sequence#history ''SAL1''] and [http://www.yeastgenome.org/locus/cat5/sequence#history ''CAT5'']) all contribute to the high observed petite frequency. Details regarding the contributions of these variants to petite formation are referenced in [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000130847/overview Dimitrov et al.] (2009) Genetics 183(1):365-83. See the Brachmann et al., 1998 reference for details of strain construction.

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000041186/overview Brachmann et al.] (1998) Yeast 14:115-32.

'''Sources:''' [http://www.atcc.org/products/all/201390.aspx ATCC:201390]
==CKY8==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''α ''ura3-52 leu2-3,112''

'''Sources:''' C. Kaiser (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston)

==DBY947==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''α ''SUC2 ade2-101 ura3-52''
==DBY1091==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a/α ''+/his4'' ''+/can1'' ''+/ade2-101'' ''ura3-52/ura3-52''

==DC5==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a'' leu2-3,112 his3-11,15 can1-11''

'''Notes:''' Isogenic to S288C; used in the systematic sequencing project, the sequence stored in SGD.

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000054242/overview Broach et al.] (1979) Gene 8:121-133
==EY441==

'''Genotype:''' ''kss1 ura3-52 leu2-3,112 his3Δ200 ade2-1 lys2Δ201''

'''Reference:''' Elion EA, et al. (1990) FUS3 encodes a cdc2+/CDC28-related kinase required for the transition from mitosis into conjugation. Cell 60(4):649-64 PMID:2406028

==FY4==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a, ''srd1''Δ''0''

'''Notes:''' Derived from S288C.

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000047446/overview Winston et al.] (1995) Yeast 11:53-55.

[http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/9483801/overview Brachmann et al.] (1998) Yeast 14:115-32.

===DBY12020===
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT'''''a'''(PGAL10+''gal1'')Δ::loxP, ''leu2''Δ''0''::PACT1-GEV-NatMX, ''gal4''Δ::''LEU2'', ''HAP1+''

'''Notes:''' Derived from FY4.

'''Reference:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/21965290/overview McIsaac et al.] (2011) Mol Biol Cell 22(22):4447-59.

===DBY12021===
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT'''''α'''(PGAL10+''gal1'')Δ::loxP, ''leu2''Δ''0''::PACT1-GEV-NatMX, ''gal4''Δ::''LEU2'', ''HAP1+''

'''Notes:''' Derived from FY4.

'''Reference:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/21965290/overview McIsaac et al.] (2011) Mol Biol Cell 22(22):4447-59.

==FY1679==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a/α ''ura3-52/ura3-52 trp1''Δ''63/TRP1 leu2''Δ''1/LEU2 his3''Δ''200/HIS3 GAL2/GAL''

'''Notes:''' Isogenic to S288C; used in the systematic sequencing project, the sequence stored in SGD.

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000047446/overview Winston et al.] (1995) Yeast 11:53-55.

'''Sources:''' [http://web.uni-frankfurt.de/fb15/mikro/euroscarf/data/fy1679.html EUROSCARF:10000D]
==JT150==
'''Genotype:''' ''a his4 ura3-52 tub2-104''

==X2180-1A==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a'' SUC2 mal mel gal2 CUP1''

'''Notes:'''S288c spontaneously diploidized to give rise to X2180. The haploid segregants X2180-1a and X2180-1b were obtained from sporulated X2180

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000050744/overview Mortimer and Johnston]

'''Sources:''' [http://www.atcc.org/Products/All/204504.aspx ATCC:204504]

=CEN.PK (aka CEN.PK2)=
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a/α'' ura3-52/ura3-52 trp1-289/trp1-289 leu2-3,112/leu2-3,112 his3 ''Δ''1/his3 ''Δ''1 MAL2-8C/MAL2-8C SUC2/SUC2''

'''Notes:''' CEN.PK possesses a mutation in CYR1 (A5627T corresponding to a K1876M substitution near the end of the catalytic domain in adenylate cyclase which eliminates glucose- and acidification-induced cAMP signalling and delays glucose-induced loss of stress resistance ([http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000052724/overview Vanhalewyn et al., 1999]; [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000043601/overview Dumortier et al., 2000]).

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000079648/overview van Dijken et al.] (2000) Enzyme Microb Technol 26:706-714

'''Sources:''' [http://web.uni-frankfurt.de/fb15/mikro/euroscarf/data/cen.html EUROSCARF:30000D]

=D273-10B=
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''α ''mal GAL''

'''Notes:''' Normal cytochrome content and respiration; low frequency of rho-. This strain and its auxotrophic derivatives were used in numerious laboratories for mitochondrial and related studies and for mutant screens. Good respirer that's relatively resistant to glucose repression.

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/13977171/overview Sherman, F.] (1963) Genetics 48:375-385.

'''Sources:''' [http://www.atcc.org/Products/All/24657.aspx ATCC:24657]

=FL100=
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000065623/overview Lacroute, F.] (1968) J. Bacteriol. 95:824-832.

Sources: [http://www.atcc.org/Products/All/28383.aspx ATCC:28383]

=JK9-3d=

There are a, alpha and a/alpha diploids of JK9-3d with the following genotypes:

'''Genotypes:''' JK9-3da ''MAT''a ''leu2-3,112 ura3-52 rme1 trp1 his4''

JK9-3dα has the same genotype as JK9-3da with the exception of the MAT locus

JK9-3da/α is homozygous for all markers except mating type

'''Notes:''' JK9-3d was constructed by Jeanette Kunz while in Mike Hall's lab. She made the original strain while Joe Heitman isolated isogenic strains of opposite mating type and derived the a/alpha isogenic diploid by mating type switching. It has in its background S288c, a strain from the Oshima lab, and a strain from the Herskowitz lab. It was chosen because of its robust growth and sporulation, as well as good growth on galactose (GAL+) (so that genes under control of the galactose promoter could be induced). It may also have a SUP mutation that allows translation through premature STOP codons and therefore produces functional alleles with many point mutations.

Recent work shows that JK9-3d carries an ''rme1'' mutation that may be responsible for the rapid G1 arrest of this strain upon exposure to rapamycin ([http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000181599/overview Moreno-Torres M, et al. (2015) Nat Commun 6:8256])

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000054286/overview Heitman et al.] (1991a) Science 253(5022):905-9 and [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000054822/overview Heitman et al.] (1991b) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88(5):1948-52
==TB50==
'''Genotype:''' JK9-3da ''MAT''a ''leu2-3,112 ura3-52 trp1 his3 rme1 HMLa''
==TB123==
'''Genotype:''' JK9-3da ''MAT''a ''leu2-3,112 ura3-52 rme1 trp1 his4 GAL+ HMLa, GLN3-Myc13[KanMX]''

=RM11-1a=

'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a ''leu2''Δ''0 ura3-''Δ''0 HO::kanMX

'''Notes:''' RM11-1a is a haploid derivative of RM11, which is a diploid derivative of Bb32(3), which is an ascus derived from Bb32, which is a natural isolate collected by Robert Mortimer from a California vineyard (Ravenswood Zinfandel) in 1993, as in [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000041556/overview Mortimer et al.] (1994). It has high spore viability (80–90%) and has been extensively characterized phenotypically under a wide range of conditions. It has a significantly longer life span than typical lab yeast strains and accumulates age-associated abnormalities at a lower rate. It displays approximately 0.5–1% sequence divergence relative to S288c. More information is available at the [http://www.broadinstitute.org/annotation/genome/saccharomyces_cerevisiae.3/Home.html Broad Institute website].

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000069875/overview Brem et al.] (2002) Science 296(5568):752-5
=SEY6210/SEY6211=
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a/''MAT''α ''leu2-3,112/leu2-3,112 ura3-52/ura3-52 his3-''Δ''200/his3-''Δ''200 trp1-''Δ''901/trp1-''Δ''901 ade2/ADE2 suc2-''Δ''9/suc2-''Δ''9 GAL/GAL LYS2/lys2-801''

'''Notes:''' SEY6210/SEY6211, also known as SEY6210.5, was constructed by Scott Emr and has been used in studies of autophagy, protein sorting etc. It is the product of crossing with strains from 5 different labs (Gerry Fink, Ron Davis, David Botstein, Fred Sherman, Randy Schekman). It has several selectable markers, good growth properties and good sporulation.

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000045321/overview Robinson et al.] (1988) Mol Cell Biol 8(11):4936-48

'''Sources:''' [http://www.atcc.org/Products/All/201392.aspx ATCC:201392]

==SEY6210==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''α ''leu2-3,112 ura3-52 his3-''Δ''200 trp1-''Δ''901 suc2-''Δ''9 lys2-801; GAL''

'''Notes:''' SEY6210 is a MATalpha haploid constructed by Scott Emr and has been used in studies of autophagy, protein sorting etc. It is the product of crossing with strains from 5 different labs (Gerry Fink, Ron Davis, David Botstein, Fred Sherman, Randy Schekman). It has several selectable markers and good growth properties.

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000045321/overview Robinson et al.] (1988) Mol Cell Biol 8(11):4936-48

'''Sources:''' [http://www.atcc.org/Products/All/96099.aspx ATCC:96099]

==SEY6211==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a ''leu2-3,112 ura3-52 his3-''Δ''200 trp1-''Δ''901 ade2-101 suc2-''Δ''9; GAL''

'''Notes:''' SEY6211 is a MATa haploid constructed by Scott Emr and has been used in studies of autophagy, protein sorting etc. It is the product of crossing with strains from 5 different labs (Gerry Fink, Ron Davis, David Botstein, Fred Sherman, Randy Schekman). It has several selectable markers and good growth properties.

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000045321/overview Robinson et al.] (1988) Mol Cell Biol 8(11):4936-48

'''Sources:''' [http://www.atcc.org/Products/All/96100.aspx ATCC:96100]

=Sigma1278b=

'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''α''

Sigma1278b was first isolated in the lab of Marcelle Grenson in the early 1960s, as described in André B (2018) Tribute to Marcelle Grenson (1925-1996), A Pioneer in the Study of Amino Acid Transport in Yeast. Int J Mol Sci 19(4), PMID:[https://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000216588 29659503], which contains the complete, exact pedigree of Σ1278b from the Grenson lab archives. A short excerpt:

"A new, prototrophic reference strain was thus isolated: strain Σ1278b. It was obtained by first crossing the YFa-derived yeast D77 (auxotrophic for uracil and glutamate) with the yeast 1422-11D that was received from the American geneticist Donald C. Hawthorne. The derived haploid strain Σ15d (Σ stands for “segregant”) was then crossed with strain DP1-1B received from Piotr Slonimski, and one of the spores issued from this cross gave rise to Σ1278b."

In September 1970, Grenson sent to Gerry Fink a aap/apf1/shr3 mutant isolated from Σ1278b. This strain, which likely diploidized during successive subculturing, was classified as “Fink lab Foreigner strains, F35”. As detailed in the note provided by the Fink lab, collected Nov. 1998 by Cora Styles, analysis twenty years later of this mutant by C. Gimeno and P. Ljungdahl allowed them to discover pseudohyphal growth : Gimeno, C. J., Ljungdahl, P. O., Styles, C. A., & Fink, G. R. (1992). Unipolar cell divisions in the yeast S. cerevisiae lead to filamentous growth: regulation by starvation and RAS. Cell, 68(6), 1077–1090, [https://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000041853 PMID:1547504].

''Thanks to Bruno André for contacting SGD directly to share and disseminate this information.''

'''Notes:''' Used in pseudohyphal growth studies. [[History_of_Sigma|Detailed notes]] about the sigma strains have been kindly provided by Cora Styles.

[http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1000823 Granek and Magwene], PLoS Genet. 2010 Jan 22;6(1):e1000823, established that certain lineages of the Sigma1278B background contain
a nonsense mutation in RIM15, a G-to-T transversion at position 1216 that converts a Gly codon to an opal stop codon. This rim15 mutation interacts epistatically with mutations in certain other genes to affect colony morphology. The Sigma1278b genome is closely related to S288c, and shares some other genomic regions with W303 [http://rsob.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/2/8/120093].

Annotation of the Sigma1278b genome and information about the systematic deletion collection can be found in [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000133862/overview Dowell et al.] (2010).

=SK1=
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a/α'' HO gal2 cupS can1R BIO''

'''Notes:''' Commonly used for studying sporulation or meiosis. Canavanine-resistant derivative.

The SK1 genome was sequenced at the [http://www.sanger.ac.uk/research/projects/genomeinformatics/ Sanger Institute].

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000079650/overview Kane SM and Roth J.] (1974) Bacteriol. 118: 8-14

'''Sources:''' [http://www.atcc.org/Products/All/204722.aspx ATCC:204722]

==g833-1B==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a'' leu2 can1 HOM3 his1-1 trp2 ADE2 ho gal2''

'''Notes:''' Haploid derivative of SK1, constructed by JC Game in the 1980s.

'''Sources:''' [http://www.atcc.org/Products/All/204720.aspx ATCC:204720]

=W303=
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a/''MAT''α {''leu2-3,112 trp1-1 can1-100 ura3-1 ade2-1 his3-11,15''} [''phi+'']

<table style="text-align: left; width: 526px; height: 174px;" border="1"
cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold;">allele 
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold;">locus 
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold;">mutation [http://rsob.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/2/8/120093 (1)] 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">ade2-1 
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"> YOR128C</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">nonsense, glu64STOP 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">trp1-1 
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">YDR007W</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">nonsense, glu83STOP</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">can1-100 
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"> YEL063C</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">frameshift, lys47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">leu2-3,112 
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">YCL018W 
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">frameshift, gly83</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">his3-11,15 
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">YOR202W</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"> 2x frameshifts, ala70 and glu106</td>
</tr>
</table>

'''Notes:''' The W303 genome is to 85.4% derived from S288c, part of the other regions are similar to non-S288c regions of Sigma1278b. In total, some 800 CDS differ between W303 and S288c, but in most cases only one or two residues differ [http://rsob.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/2/8/120093]. These include a ''bud4'' mutation that causes haploids to bud with a mixture of axial and bipolar budding
patterns. In addition, the original W303 strain contains the [http://wiki.yeastgenome.org/index.php/CommunityW303.html ''rad5-535''] allele. As S288c, W303 has an allelic variant of [http://www.yeastgenome.org/locus/MIP1/overview ''MIP1''] which increases petite frequency. Unlike S288C, W303 lacks a functional copy of the RNA-binding protein and translational repressor, Ssd1 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1462329/pdf/12454058.pdf], [https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E19-04-0190],[https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.52063].

The W303 genome was sequenced at the [http://www.sanger.ac.uk/research/projects/genomeinformatics/ Sanger Institute] and by [http://rsob.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/2/8/120093 Ralser M. ''et al.''] (2012) Open Biol 2: 120093.
[http://rsob.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/2/8/120093 1] (DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank ALAV00000000).

'''References:''' W303 constructed by Rodney Rothstein (''see [[CommunityW303.html|detailed notes]] from RR and Stephan Bartsch''). ''bud4'' info: Original mutant description [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000120449/overview Voth et al.] (2005) Eukaryotic Cell, 4:1018-28. Mutation: deletion of one of four Gs at positions 2456-2459 of BUD4 ORF. Seq data from: Ralser et al above ''rad5-535'' info: see [[CommunityW303.html|detailed notes]]

'''Sources:''' [http://www.atcc.org/Products/All/200060.aspx ATCC:200060]

==W303-1A==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a {''leu2-3,112 trp1-1 can1-100 ura3-1 ade2-1 his3-11,15''}

'''Notes:''' W303-1A possesses a ''ybp1-1'' mutation (I7L, F328V, K343E, N571D) which abolishes Ybp1p function, increasing sensitivity to oxidative stress.

'''References:''' W303 constructed by Rodney Rothstein (''see [[CommunityW303.html|detailed notes]] from RR and Stephan Bartsch''). ''ybp1-1'' info: [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000073844/overview Veal et al.] (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:30896-904. 

'''Sources:''' [http://www.atcc.org/products/all/208352.aspx ATCC:208352]

==W303-1B==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''α {''leu2-3,112 trp1-1 can1-100 ura3-1 ade2-1 his3-11,15''}

'''References:''' W303 constructed by Rodney Rothstein (''see [[CommunityW303.html|detailed notes]] from RR and Stephan Bartsch'').

'''Sources:''' [http://www.atcc.org/Products/All/201238.aspx ATCC:201238]

==W303-K6001==

'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a; {''ade2-1, trp1-1, can1-100, leu2-3,112, his3-11,15, GAL, psi+, ho::HO::CDC6 (at HO), cdc6::hisG, ura3::URA3 GAL-ubiR-CDC6 (at URA3)''}

'''References:''' K6001 was created in Kim Nasmyth's lab ''Piatti at al'' (PMID: 7641697) and ''Bobola et al'' (PMID: 8625408). K6001 has become a popular model in yeast aging research, as it allows a replicative aging assay based on microcolonies (PMID: 15489200). Its genome has been sequenced by Timmermann et al (PMID: 20729566), Ralser et al [http://rsob.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/2/8/120093].

==DY1457==

'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a; {''ade6 can1-100(oc) his3-11,15 leu2-3,112 trp1-1 ura3-52''}

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000040392/overview Askwith C, et al.] (1994) Cell 76(2):403-10 PMID: 8293473
==EY699==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT'''a''' ura3-1 his3-11,15 leu2-3,112 trp1-1 ade2 can1-100 Gal+''

'''References:'''
#Rodney Rothstein
#Elion EA, et al. (1991) Functional redundancy in the yeast cell cycle: FUS3 and KSS1 have both overlapping and unique functions. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 56:41-9

=XJ24-24a=
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a ''ho HMa HMα ade6 arg4-17 trp1-1 tyr7-1 MAL2''

'''Notes:''' Likely quite different from S288C. A strain derived from XJ24-24a called XG1#24 had a recombination between HML and MAT that generated a large ring chromosome (Strathern et al. 1979 Cell), and Carol Newlon generated an ordered map of plasmid sub clones from this ring chromosome (Newlon et al. 1991 Genetics) that was then used for the initial sequencing of Chromosome III (Oliver et al. 1992), which has since been updated numerous times. The provenance of XJ24-24a is unclear. Newlon was able to trace it back about 5 generations: some of the progenitor strains were from the Cold Spring Harbor Yeast course, and some of those strains had some markers similar to S288C (none of which are still in XJ24-24a). ''Thanks to Joachim Li for sharing this history of XJ24-24a with SGD.''

'''References:'''
* [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000055409/overview Strathern et al.] (1979) Cell 18:309-319
* [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000055743/overview Newlon et al.] (1979) Genetics 129:343-57
* [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000060078/overview Oliver et al.] (1992) Nature 357:38-46

=Y55=

'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a /''MAT''alpha ''HO''/''HO''

'''Notes:''' Y55 is a prototrophic, homothallic diploid strain that was originally isolated by Dennis Winge. Many auxotrophic mutant derivatives have been created by John McCusker by using ethidium bromide treatment to eliminate non-auxotrophs. Y55 background strains have been used to study the timing of meiotic recombination ([http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000148282/overview Borts et al. 1984]); to isolate almost all the subunits of the proteasome ([http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/3294104/overview McCusker and Haber 1988a], [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/3294103/overview 1988b]); to get mutations in PMA1 and related genes ([http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/2963211/overview McCusker 1986]); and to do meiotic mapping and interference experiments ([http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/15454526/overview Malkova et al. 2004]).
=YNN216=
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a/α ''ura3-52/ura3-52 lys2-801amber/lys2-801amber ade2-101ochre/ade2-101ochre''

'''Notes:''' Congenic to S288C (see Sikorski and Hieter). Used to derive YSS and CY strains (see Sobel and Wolin).

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000044428/overview Sikorski RS and Hieter P] (1989) Genetics 122:19-27. [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000042217/overview Sobel and Wolin] (1999) Mol. Biol. Cell 10:3849-3862.
==YPH499==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a ''ura3-52 lys2-801_amber ade2-101_ochre trp1-''Δ''63 his3-''Δ''200 leu2-''Δ''1''

'''Notes:''' Contains nonrevertible (deletion) auxotrophic mutations that can be used for selection of vectors. Note that ''trp1-''Δ''63'', unlike ''trp1-''Δ''1'', does not delete adjacent ''GAL3'' UAS sequence and retains homology to ''TRP1'' selectable marker. ''gal2-'', does not use galactose anaerobically. Derived from the diploid strain YNN216 (Johnston and Davis 1984; original source: M. Carlson, Columbia University), which is congenic with S288C.

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000044428/overview Sikorski RS and Hieter P] (1989) Genetics 122:19-27. [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000042217/overview Sobel and Wolin] (1999) Mol. Biol. Cell 10:3849-3862. [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/6092912/overview Johnston M and Davis RW] (1984) Mol Cell Biol 4(8):1440-8.

'''Sources:''' [http://www.atcc.org/Products/All/204679.aspx ATCC:204679]

==YPH500==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''α ''ura3-52 lys2-801_amber ade2-101_ochre trp1-''Δ''63 his3-''Δ''200 leu2-''Δ''1''

'''Notes:'''''MAT''α strain isogenic to [http://wiki.yeastgenome.org/index.php/Commonly_used_strains#YPH499 YPH499] except at mating type locus. Derived from the diploid strain YNN216 (Johnston and Davis 1984; original source: M. Carlson, Columbia University), which is congenic with S288C.

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000044428/overview Sikorski RS and Hieter P] (1989) Genetics 122:19-27. [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000042217/overview Sobel and Wolin] (1999) Mol. Biol. Cell 10:3849-3862. [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/6092912/overview Johnston M and Davis RW] (1984) Mol Cell Biol 4(8):1440-8.

'''Sources:''' [http://www.atcc.org/Products/All/76626.aspx ATCC:76626]

==YPH501==
'''Genotype:''' ''MAT''a/''MAT''α ''ura3-52/ura3-52 lys2-801_amber/lys2-801_amber ade2-101_ochre/ade2-101_ochre trp1-''Δ''63/trp1-''Δ''63 his3-''Δ''200/his3-''Δ''200 leu2-''Δ''1/leu2-''Δ''1''

'''Notes:''' a/α diploid isogenic to [http://wiki.yeastgenome.org/index.php/Commonly_used_strains#YPH499 YPH499] and [http://wiki.yeastgenome.org/index.php/Commonly_used_strains#YPH500 YPH500]. Derived from the diploid strain YNN216 (Johnston and Davis 1984; original source: M. Carlson, Columbia University), which is congenic with S288C.

'''References:''' [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000044428/overview Sikorski RS and Hieter P] (1989) Genetics 122:19-27. [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000042217/overview Sobel and Wolin] (1999) Mol. Biol. Cell 10:3849-3862. [http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/6092912/overview Johnston M and Davis RW] (1984) Mol Cell Biol 4(8):1440-8.

'''Sources:''' [http://www.atcc.org/Products/All/204681.aspx ATCC:204681]

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Commonly used strains