YDR456W

2008-08-18T20:34:06Z

Cbrett1: /* Community Commentary */

YDR456W

2008-08-18T20:30:32Z

Cbrett1: /* Community Commentary */

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{|{{Prettytable}} align = 'right' width = '200px'
|-
|valign="top" nowrap bgcolor="{{SGDblue}}"| '''Systematic name''' || [http://db.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.pl?dbid=S000002864 YDR456W]
|-
|valign="top" nowrap bgcolor="{{SGDblue}}"| '''Gene name''' ||''NHX1 ''
|-
|valign="top" nowrap bgcolor="{{SGDblue}}"| '''Aliases''' ||''NHA2, VPL27, VPS44''
|-
|valign="top" nowrap bgcolor="{{SGDblue}}"| '''Feature type''' || ORF, Verified[[Category:ORF]][[Category:ORF, Verified]]
|-
|valign="top" nowrap bgcolor="{{SGDblue}}"| '''Coordinates'''
|nowrap| Chr IV:1367478..1369379
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|valign="top" nowrap bgcolor="{{SGDblue}}"| '''Primary SGDID''' || S000002864
|}
 
'''Description of YDR456W:''' Endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger, required for intracellular sequestration of Na+; required for osmotolerance to acute hypertonic shock<ref name='S000080349'>Brett CL, et al. (2005) The yeast endosomal Na+K+/H+ exchanger Nhx1 regulates cellular pH to control vesicle trafficking. Mol Biol Cell 16(3):1396-405 {{SGDpaper|S000080349}} PMID 15635088</ref><ref name='S000051567'>Nass R, et al. (1997) Intracellular sequestration of sodium by a novel Na+/H+ exchanger in yeast is enhanced by mutations in the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. Insights into mechanisms of sodium tolerance. J Biol Chem 272(42):26145-52 {{SGDpaper|S000051567}} PMID 9334180</ref><ref name='S000042739'>Nass R and Rao R (1999) The yeast endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger, Nhx1, confers osmotolerance following acute hypertonic shock. Microbiology 145 ( Pt 11):3221-8
{{SGDpaper|S000042739}} PMID 10589731</ref>
 
 
 
 
 
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==Community Commentary==
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Concerning the entry for S. cerevisiae NHX1/NHA2:
The term "NHA2" is no longer widely accepted in the ion transporter field. Rather "NHX1" is preferred based on extensive phylogenetic analyses and further studies <ref>Brett CL, Donowitz M, Rao R. (2005) Evolutionary origins of eukaryotic sodium/proton exchangers. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 288(2): C223-39.<ref><ref>Orlowski J, Grinstein S. (2007) Emerging roles of alkali cation/proton exchangers in organellar homeostasis. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 19(4): 483-92<ref>. In fact, this gene was first identified by Nass anad Rao who originally named it "NHX1", a year prior to the Numata and Orlowski publication which renamed the same gene "NHA2".<ref>Nass R, Cunningham KW, Rao R. (1997) Intracellular sequestration of sodium by a novel Na+/H+ exchanger in yeast is enhanced by mutations in the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. Insights into mechanisms of sodium tolerance. J Biol Chem. 272(42): 26145-52<ref>. Nass and Rao then demonstrated that the yeast NHX1 is found at the late endosomal compartment of yeast, not mitochondira <ref>Nass R, Rao R. (1998) Novel localization of a Na+/H+ exchanger in a late endosomal compartment of yeast. Implications for vacuole biogenesis. J Biol Chem. 273(33): 21054-60.<ref>; the human NHX1 paralog NHE6 (or SLC9A6, also described in the Numata and Orlowski article) is also found in endosomal compartments of mammalian cells <ref>Brett CL, Wei Y, Donowitz M, Rao R. (2002) Human Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 6 is found in recycling endosomes of cells, not in mitochondria. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 282(5): C1031-41.<ref> <ref>Hill JK, Brett CL, Chyou A, Kallay LM, Sakaguchi M, Rao R, Gillespie PG. (2006) Vestibular hair bundles control pH with (Na+, K+)/H+ exchangers NHE6 and NHE9. J Neurosci. 26(39): 9944-55<ref>. Nhx1 is a member of the Cation Proton Antiporter (CPA) superfamily of genes that includes bacterial NhaAs of which a crystal structure has been solved <ref>Brett CL, Donowitz M, Rao R. (2005) Evolutionary origins of eukaryotic sodium/proton exchangers. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 288(2): C223-39.<ref> <ref>Arkin IT, et al. (2007) Mechanism of Na+/H+ antiporting. Science. 317(5839): 799-803<ref>. The nine human orthologs are grouped as the SoLute Carrier 9A family (SLC9A1-9) by HUGO nomenclature. At the endosome, Nhx1 (and its mammalian paralogs SLC9A6, 7 or 9) are believed to contribute to membrane trafficking by controlling organellar pH <ref>Ali R, Brett CL, Mukherjee S, Rao R. (2004) Inhibition of sodium/proton exchange by a Rab-GTPase-activating protein regulates endosomal traffic in yeast. J Biol Chem. 279(6): 4498-506.<ref> <ref>Brett CL, Tukaye DN, Mukherjee S, Rao R. (2005) The yeast endosomal Na+K+/H+ exchanger Nhx1 regulates cellular pH to control vesicle trafficking. Mol Biol Cell. 16(3): 1396-405.<ref> <ref>Bowers K, Levi BP, Patel FI, Stevens TH. (2000) The sodium/proton exchanger Nhx1p is required for endosomal protein trafficking in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell. 11(12): 4277-94.<ref> <ref>Nakamura N, Tanaka S, Teko Y, Mitsui K, Kanazawa H. (2005) Four Na+/H+ exchanger isoforms are distributed to Golgi and post-Golgi compartments and are involved in organelle pH regulation. J Biol Chem. 280(2): 1561-72.<ref>. Of note, each human NHX1 paralog has been linked to mental retardation or autism <ref>Morrow EM, et al. (2008) Identifying autism loci and genes by tracing recent shared ancestry. Science. 321(5886): 218-23.<ref> <ref>Zhang L, Wang T, Wright AF, Suri M, Schwartz CE, Stevenson RE, Valle D. (2006) A microdeletion in Xp11.3 accounts for co-segregation of retinitis pigmentosa and mental retardation in a large kindred. Am J Med Genet A. 140(4): 349-57.<ref> <ref>Gilfillan GD, et al. (2008) SLC9A6 mutations cause X-linked mental retardation, microcephaly, epilepsy, and ataxia, a phenotype mimicking Angelman syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 82(4): 1003-10<ref>. Currently, there is no experimental evidence directly linking Nhx1 (formerly Nha2) or other CPA genes to mitochondrial Na+/H+ exchange.







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==References==

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